Heating apparatus.



No. 771,583. PATENTED OUT. 4, 1904.

J. J. H. SOUHEUB.

HEATING APPARATUS.

APPLIUATION FILED APR. 29. 1903.

N0 MODEL.

. INVENTOR: WITNESSES: 5mm

@fi 0% By his Azzomeys, Y

UNITED STATES Patented October 4, 1904.

PATENT CFFIQE.

HEATING APPARATUS- SPECIFIOATION forming part of .Letters Patent No. 771,583, dated October 4, 1904. Application filed April 29, 1903. Serial No. 154,809. (No model.)

To II/ZZ who/71, it 777/.CLZ/ concern.-

Be it known that I, J EAN J osErH HUBERT SOUHEUR, of Canal St. Pierre 1, Antwerp, Belgium, manufacturer, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in or Relating to Heating Apparatus, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in heating apparatus, and especially those consuming gas, petroleum, and the like. The invention consists in disposing in the interior of the apparatus one or more bodies or masses of refractory or incombustible material through which the heated gases and products of combustion can pass, the said bodies or masses thus constituting heat filters or retainers; The said bodies or masses are or may be placed above and below the burners or grate and at different distances apart, according to the kind of apparatus to which they are applied, and in such a manner that the heat is arrested by them instead of'being lost in the chimney, as usually happens with ordinary stoves. The said body or bodies of refractory or incombustible material may be employed or not in conjunction with a nonperrneable heat-retainer disposed between said permeable heat retainer or retainers and the chimney or outlet for the gases of combustion.

The invention may be carried into effect in various ways, and in order that it may be thoroughly understood I will describe one form thereof as applied to a gas-stove, reference being made to the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is a vertical mid-section of a gasstove embodying the invention, and Fig. 2 a separate plan view of the burner-rings thereof.

(6 is the body of the stove, and Z Z) a double burner-ring to which the gas is supplied by the pipe 0. heat-retainers (Z a f g, each comprising a pulverulent or filamentous refractory or incombustible material, such as kieselguhr, calcined or not, ground or flaked mica,'asbestos, talc, graphite, French chalk, or the like, employed alone or two or more in admixture. The heat-retainers (Z, c, and g are situated above the burners, while the retainer f is ar- IVithin the body a are providedranged below the burners. (Z, 0, and f are permeable to the hot gases of combustion, while g is not permeable, but acts as a heatretainer.

I prefer to employ kieselguhr as the refractory material for the retainers (Z and f, mica for the retainer 0, and talc for the non-perineable retainer g.

The refractory material of (Z and e is inclosed in the upper and lower chambers of a metallic drum or casing 70, supported in the stove, for example, as shown, while the material of f is covered and kept in place by a perforated plate The casing Z5 is divided by transverse perforated plates or foraminous diaphragms is It" into the three chambers, the upper and lower of which serve for the reception of the refractory material of (Z and a, an intermediate chamber a of suitable dimensions being comprised between the plates 7: k. A suitable number of rows of holes or perforations a are provided around the side wall of the chamber a to permit the escape of any excess of heat and products of combustion from thischarnber. The casing 71 does not quite extend to the side of the stove, a small annular space Z being thus left between said casing and the side'of the stove. The lower heat-retainer f is in contact with the side wall of the stove.

In the body of the stove immediately above the heat-retainer f and under the burners perforations or holes f are provided for the supply of air to support combustion.

At a suitable distance below the heat-re tainer cZ are two opposite baffles 71 it, the space between said bafiles being preferably equal to one-third the diameter of the stove. Below the baflles Zr Zta third baffle Zr is arranged centrally of the stove, this baflie 7t being suspended by four or other convenient number of rods or the like from the baffles /b/LO1"Ol3l1 erwise suitably supported below the space between the same. The hot gases are thus compelled to take a sinuous course around the baffles on their way to the top of the stove. The heat-retainer g is mounted above the heat-retainer e and at about the level of the chimney Z. Its top preferably extends slightly the greater part of their heat.

above the outlet-opening to the chimney. It consists of a closed casing filled with pulverulent or filamentous incombustible material, preferably tale. The bottom of the casing 7 extends as an external brim say about two centimeters wideto the side of the stove, this brim being formed with a ring of perforations 0 extending around same for the passage of any excess of gases and products ofcombustion. Theseholes may,'forexample, be three-quarters of a centimeter in diameter and spaced about one centimeter apart. The top and bottom of the casing Z: may be formed or provided with similar perforated brims, if desired. The stoveis provided with a double burner-ring Z) Z), the lower ring being disposed below and of less diameter than the upper one, as seen in Fig. 2. I find that by employing such an arrangement of burners the gas-jets of the lower ring heat the upper ring, thus warming the gas before it is consumed and considerably increasing the heat produced.

The products of combustion pass to the outlet-pipe Z, which opens into the body of the stove above the heat retainers or filters (Z c.

The outlet-pipe is preferably formed with a downward bend. as shown. By this means the gas flames are prevented from being blown out, even when turned down very low, by downdraft. This downward bend also allows the gases and products of combustion to escape quickly and insures quiet burning of the flames. Should, however, for any reason the flame be extinguished or the gas accidentally turned on, the gas cannot escape into the room, but will pass away by the chin'iney, this being proved by many practical trials conducted by me with my improvedtapparatus. The stove is closed at the top by any suitable coveras, for example a flanged cover Z. When the stove is alight, the products of combustion pass up through the filters or retainers (.Z c, which retard their exit and extract Thence they pass through the ring of openings 0 in the brim g of the heat-retainer r to the outlet-pipe Z, the retainer g retaining further heat which has not been arrested by (Z and (a. The small ringshaped space Z allows the passage of any excess of heated gases or products of combustion which may arise by reason of irregularity of the gas-pressure. The said space might be replaced, if desired, by suitable valves provided in the filters (Z Steam produced in the upper portion of the stove by the combustion is collected in the chamber n between the filters or retainers (Z a when the stove is out, and the condensed vapor collected in the chamber can settle on and be absorbed by the filter or retainer (Z, the heat being retained by the heat-retainers (Z, 0', and g. hen the stove is out, the condensed steam which forms on or runs down the inside of the stove in the lower portion thereof is collected by the bottom filter or retainer f. The heat being thus arrested above the burners by the heat-retainers (Z r and below them by the filter f is distributed in the h eating-chamber a of the stove, with the walls of which the retainer f is directly in contact.

It will be understood that the stove illustrated in the drawings may be arranged to burn solid or liquid fuel instead of gas by substituting a grate or suitable lamps or devices for the gasburners.

A gas-stove made as described above and being about 0.82 meter high and about 0.36 meter in diameter will in about five minutes warm a room of one hundred cubic meters to a temperature of 18 to 20 centigrade, and the heat retainers or reservoirs will still supply heat for a considerable time after the stove has been extinguished.

The heat-filters (Z ef constitute, as it were, sponges, which absorb the water, steam, and odors when the stove is alight, and these escape through the chimney when the stove is out.

I find that very efficient, light, incombustible, and refractory materials for making the heat filters or retainers are fiaked mica and kieselguhr finely ground and passed through a sieve having about two hundred and sixty meshes per square centimeter. As filtering materials both these possess more or less the same properties; but mica does not absorb moisture, while kieselguhr can absorb fifty'per cent. of its own weight of moisture. The specific weight of kieselguhr is 0.1 kilo to the liter, so that should the filters (Z and f contain one kilo of material they would absorb each one-fourth liter of moisture, and this is the reason why these filters are filled with a material permeable to the gases, heat, and moisture.

Supposing that such a stove consumes ten cubic meters of gas per day, this gas will evolve one-fourth liter of moisture in the filter (Z and one-fourth liter of moisture in the filter f. These figures will not always be correct, seeing that the stove will not always burn in the same way. After a certain time the moisture and the moist gases will escape by the chimney. It will be seen that the whole arrangement is such that not the slightest quantity of gas can remain between the joints of the stove, but only in the permeable filters or retainers, from whence it escapes again to the chimney. It is well known that illuminating-gas only evolves about four to five per cent. of moisture per cubic meter and that kieselguhr can absorb thirty-two cubic meters of moisture per day. Therefore it will be obvious that all the moisture contained in the gas will be absorbed by the filters.

Supposing the stove should burn only eight cubic meters of gas per day, the filters would absorb the moisture of the gas evolved during four days and would have plenty of time petroleum, or the like.

during these four days to again evolve the absorbed moisture.

Kieselguhr and flaked mica have also the property of not agglomerating, so that they will serve a very long time; but should they do so at any time they can be cleaned by simply washing and drying them. In such a case it might, however, be better to renew the materials, as their cost is very small.

I wish it to be understood that the construction' of stove described and illustrated is merely given as an example of how my invention may be carriedinto efi'ect. Any number of filters or retainers may be applied to any kind of heating apparatus for domestic or other use and where any kind or nature of fuel is employed, whether gas, coal, alcohol. I do not confine myself to the use of flaked mica and kieselguhr as the filtering material, as any substances having similar properties may be used in their stead or in combination with them.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In a heating apparatus, a body of finelydivided incombustible material being a bad conductor of heat and permeable to the gases of combustion, disposed in the interior of the apparatus in the path of the hot gases of combustion, in combination with a non-permeable heat-retainer disposed between said permeable heat-arrester and the outlet for the gases of combustion, substantially as and for the purposes specified.

2. In a heating apparatusapermeable body of kieselguhr located below the point of combustion, a second permeable body of kieselguhr located above said point, a permeable body of mica disposed above said second body of kieselguhr and a body of talc inclosed in a non-permeable casing disposed above said body of mica, substantially as and for the purposes specified.

3. In a heating apparatus, a casing divided by pervious diaphragms into upper, lower and intermediate chambers, said upper and lower chambers being filled with an incombustible material being a bad conductor of heat and permeable to the gases of combustion, the side walls of said intermediate chamber being perforated and the material in said upper and lower chambers retained in place by pervious plates or ends, said casing being disposed in the interior of the apparatus in the path of the gases of combustion in such manner as to leave a space between the exterior of said casing and the inner wall of the apparatus, substantially as and for the purposes specified.

4. In a heating apparatus, a casing divided by pervious diaphragms into upper, lower and intermediate chambers, said upper and lower chambers being filled with incombusti ble material being a bad conductor of heat and permeable to thehot gases of combustion, the side walls of said intermediate chamber being perforated and the material in said upper and lower chambers retained .in place by pervious plates or ends, said casing being disposed above the source of heat in the path of said gases in such manner as to leave a space between the exterior of the casing and theinner wall of the apparatus, in combination with a body of permeable incombustible material disposed below the point of combustion and covered at top with a permeable cover, substantially as and for the purposes specified.

5. In a heating apparatus, a casing divided by pervious diaphragms into upper, lower and intermediate chambers, said upper and lower chambers being filled with incombustible materialbeinga bad conductor of heat and permeable to the hot gases of combustion, the side walls of said intermediate chamber being perforated and the material in said upper and lower chambers retained in place by pervious plates or ends, said casing being disposed above the source of heat in the path of said gases in such manner as to leave a space between the exterior of said casing and the inner wall of the apparatus, in combination with a body of permeableincombustible badly-conducting material disposed below the point of combustion and covered at top with a pervious cover, and a non-perviouscasing filled with incombustible badly-conducting material disposed above the first-mentionedcasing between same and the outlet forthe gases of combustion, said non-pervious casing being connected by a perforated rim extending around it to the internal wall ofthe apparatus, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

6. In a heating apparatus, a casing divided by pervious diaphragms into up per, lower and intermediate chambers, said upper and lower chambers being filled with incombustible material being a bad conductor of heat and permeable to the hot gases of combustion, the

side walls of said intermediate chamber being perforated and the material in said upper and lower chambers retained in place by pervious plates or ends, said casing belng disposed above the source of heat in the path of said gases in such manner as to leave a space be tween the exterior of said casing and the inner wall of the apparatus in combination with a body of permeable incombustible material disposed below the point of combustion and covered at top with a pervious cover, and a non-pervious casing filled with incombustible badly-conducting material disposed above the first-mentioned casing between same and the outlet for the gases of combustion, said non-pervious casing being connected by a perforated rim extending around it to the internal wall of the apparatus, and baffles disposed between the point of combustion and In witness whereof 1 have hereunto signed said perforated casing, substantially as and. my name in the presence of two subscribing 10 for the purposes specified. witnesses.

7. In a gas heating-stove, filters for the i T V 5 gases, disposed above and below the burners JOSH) HUBERT SOUHEUR' and containing calcined kieselguhr, and an \Vitncsses: uppermost filtering layer of very light flake GUILLAUME Mlunn Anrnonsn'llunnnr VANnnURNs, mica. Auuus'nc FRANQOIS llnnmixnn Incrnmxnun. 

